Participants had to be suboptimally adherent to all of their prescribed therapies (with a medication possession ratio of 30% to 80%) in the 12 months before randomization. Eligible participants were aged 18 to 64 years and taking 1 to 3 oral medications for long-term use. This 4-arm, block-randomized clinical trial involved 53 480 enrollees of CVS Caremark, a pharmacy benefit manager, across the United States. Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The previously published trial protocol was designed and written by the academic investigators (N.K.C., A.A.K., A.Y.T., N.F.K., and J.M.F.) and conducted in collaboration with the sponsor, CVS Health, which carried out participant targeting and randomization and administered the mailing of the study devices. Study supervision: Choudhry, Girdish, Brennan, Matlin, Shrank.Ĭonflict of Interest Disclosures: Drs Ercole, Brennan, Matlin, and Shrank and Ms Girdish were employees and shareholders of CVS Health at the time of manuscript writing.įunding/Support: This study was supported by an unrestricted grant to Brigham and Women's Hospital from CVS Health. Statistical analysis: Krumme, Ercole, Tong, Franklin.Īdministrative, technical, or material support: Girdish, Khan, Matlin, Shrank. Study concept and design: Choudhry, Krumme, Ercole, Girdish, Matlin, Shrank.Īcquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Choudhry, Krumme, Ercole, Girdish, Tong, Khan, Brennan, Shrank, Franklin.ĭrafting of the manuscript: Choudhry, Krumme, Ercole, Khan, Shrank.Ĭritical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Choudhry, Ercole, Girdish, Tong, Khan, Brennan, Matlin, Franklin.
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doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.9627Īuthor Contributions: Dr Choudhry and Ms Krumme had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and accuracy of the data analysis. Choudhry, MD, PhD, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1620 Tremont St, Ste 3030, Boston, MA 02120 ( for Publication: November 21, 2016.
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